Risk Management for Digital Transformation and Big Data in Architecture Board: A Case Study on Global Enterprise

  • Yoshimasa Masuda Keio University
  • Seiko Shirasaka Keio University
  • Shuichiro Yamamoto Nagoya University
  • Thomas Hardjono Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Keywords: Enterprise Architecture, Digital Transformation, Risk Management, Architecture Board, Big Data, Cloud Computing, Digital IT

Abstract

This study investigates the solutions incorporated by the Architecture Board in global healthcare enterprise (GHE) to mitigate architecture risks especially in Digital IT areas covering Big Data while implementing the "Adaptive Integrated EA framework," which can be applied in companies promoting IT strategy with Cloud/Mobile IT. The study proposes and verifies the strategic risk mitigation model for digital transformation covering Big Data in Architecture Board, at the same time as this study revealed the distribution of solutions across the architecture domains in Enterprise Architecture covering applications and technologies with Cloud/Mobile IT/Big Data/Digital IT to mitigate risks. An in-depth analysis of this distribution resulted in the definition of the effective strategy elements to mitigate risks and a practical guidance for companies that consider Risk Management for Digital Transformation while starting up the Architecture Board in Enterprise Architecture with IT strategy covering Digital IT related elements focusing on Big Data.

Author Biographies

Yoshimasa Masuda, Keio University

Yoshimasa Masuda has over 12 years' experience in enterprise architecture, technology, application and security architecture in IT services, healthcare, manufacturing and financial industries. He is a TOGAF Certified Enterprise Architect and belongs to Ph.D. program in Keio Graduate school of System Design and Management. He completed the Executive Education/MoT program in MIT Sloan Graduate School in 2011, and he joined Carnegie Mellon University Australia in exchanging program with Keio University in 2017. His research interests are focused around enterprise architecture in the era of Digital IT, digital healthcare, IT strategy and management.

Seiko Shirasaka, Keio University

Seiko Shirasaka earned a Master’s degree in Astronautics from University of Tokyo and Doctoral degree in Systems
Engineering from KEIO university. He worked for Mitsubishi Electric Corporation as space systems engineer for
15 years. One of the projects which he worked for is HTV, H-II transfer vehicle, from ground to the international
space station. His final position in the HTV project was a technical lead in Mitsubishi Electric Corporation. He has
been an Associate Professor at Graduate School of System Design and Management at KEIO university since
2008 and he has been a Professor since 2017. His main research topics are System development methodology
especially systems architecture.

Shuichiro Yamamoto, Nagoya University

Shuichiro Yamamoto has engaged in more than 30 system development projects in NTT and NTT Data laboratories.
He joined Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation (now NTT) in 1979. He moved to NTT DATA in
2002. He became the first Fellow and the research director of systems science of NTT DATA Research and
Development Headquarters in 2007. He moved to Nagoya University as a professor in 2009. He received the BS
degree from Nagoya Institute of Technology and the MS and Dr. Eng. from Nagoya University in 1977, 1979, and
2000, respectively. He contributed to develop the Open Dependability through Assuredness standard that had
been published by The Open Group in 2013. He wrote more than 20 computer science books in Japanese. He
also published more than 150 academic journal and international conference papers. He publishes more than 220
articles on Requirements Engineering and Architecture serially with Japanese monthly magazines.

Thomas Hardjono, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Thomas Hardjono is the CTO of MIT Connection Science and Engineering. He leads technical projects and initiatives
around identity, security and data privacy, and engages industry partners and sponsors on these fronts. Thomas
is also the technical director for the Internet Trust Consortium under MIT Connection Science. Previous to this
Thomas was the Director of the MIT Kerberos Consortium, developing the famous MIT Kerberos authentication
software. He has been active in the areas of security, applied cryptography and identity management for nearly
two decades now. Over the years he has published three books and over sixty technical papers in journals and
at conferences. He holds 19 patents in the areas of security and cryptography. Thomas has a BSc degree in
Computer Science with Honors from the University of Sydney, and PhD degree in Computer Science from the
University of New South Wales in Australia.

References

A. Alwadain, E. Fielt, A. Korthaus, and M. Rosemann, “A comparative analysis of the integration of SOA elements in widely-used enterprise architecture frameworks,” Int. J. Intell. Inf. Technol., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 54–70, 2014.

A. Cruz and A. Vasconcelos, “Architecture for the CRM domain: the Portuguese citizen space case study,” Int. J. Enterp. Inf. Syst., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 24–49, 2015.

S. Boardman and E. Harrington. Open Group Snapshot - Open Platform 3.0™. The Open Group, 2015.

S. Buckl, F. Matthes, C. Schulz, and C. M. Schweda, “Exemplifying a framework for interrelating enterprise architecture concerns,” in Ontology, Conceptualization and Epistemology for Information Systems, Software Engineering and Service Science, vol. 62, M. A. Sicilia, C. Kop, and F. Sartori, Eds. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer-Verlag, 2010, pp. 33–46. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-16496-5_3.

H. Chen, R. Kazman, and O. Perry, “From software architecture analysis to service engineering: an empirical study of methodology development for enterprise SOA implementation,” IEEE Trans. Serv. Comput., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 145–160, 2014. doi:10.1109/ TSC.2010.21.

T. H. Davenport, “Putting the enterprise into the enterprise system,” Harvard Bus. Rev., vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 121–131, 1998.

B. Familiar, Microservices, IoT and Azure: Leveraging DevOps and Microservice Architecture to Deliver SaaS Solutions. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2015.

Federal Chief Information Officers Council, A Practical Guide to Federal Service Oriented Architecture, version 1.1., 2008.

J. L. Garnier, J. Bérubé, and R. Hilliard, “Architecture guidance study report 140430,” ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7 Software and Systems Engineering, 2014.

A. Q. Gill, “Towards the development of an adaptive enterprise service system model,” Proceedings of the 19th Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS 2013). Chicago, IL, pp. 15–17, 2013.

A. Q. Gill, S. Smith, G. Beydoun, and V. Sugumaran, “Agile enterprise architecture: a case of a cloud technology-enabled government enterprise transformation,” Proceedings of the 19th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS 2014). United States: AISeL, pp. 1–11, 2014.

A. Q. Gill, “Adaptive cloud enterprise architecture,” Intelligent Information Systems, vol. 4. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co., 2015.

K. M. Khan and N. M. Gangavarapu, “Addressing cloud computing in enterprise architecture: issues and challenges,” Cutter IT J., vol. 22, no. 11, pp. 27–33, 2009.

C. M. MacKenzie, K. Laskey, F. McCabe, P. F. Brown, and R. Metz, “Reference model for service oriented architecture 1.0,” Technical Report, Advancing Open Standards for the Information Society, 2006.

Y. Masuda, S. Shirasaka, and S. Yamamoto, “Integrating mobile IT/cloud into enterprise architecture: a comparative analysis,” Proceedings of the 21st Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS 2016).Taiwan, paper 4, 2016.

K. Muhammad and M. N. A. Khan, “Augmenting mobile cloud computing through enterprise architecture: survey paper,” Int J Grid Distrib Comput, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 323–336, 2015.

S. Newman, Building Microservices. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly Media, Inc., 2015.

A. Qumer and B. Henderson-Sellers, “An evaluation of the degree of agility in six agile methods and its applicability for method engineering,” Inf Softw Technol, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 280–295, 2008.

M. Richards, Microservices vs. Service-Oriented Architecture, 1st ed. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly Media, Inc., 2015.

T. Tamm, P. B. Seddon, G. Shanks, and P. Reynolds, “How does enterprise architecture add value to organizations?,” Commun Assoc Inf Syst, vol. 28, article 10, 2011.

UK Ministry of Defence, The MODAF Service Oriented Viewpoint, 2010.http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/CorporatePublications/InformationManagement/MODAF/TheServiceOrientedViewpointsov.htm.

US Department of Defense, DoD Architecture Framework Version 2.0., 2009. http://cio-nii.defense.gov/sites/dodaf20/

Masuda, Y., Shirasaka, S., Yamamoto, S. & Hardjono, T. 2017 7 1 : International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems. IGI Global. 13, 3, p. 1-22 22 p. DOI: 10.4018/ijeis.2017070101

D. Chappelle., Big Data & Analytics Reference Architecture, Oracle Corporation, September 2013.

US Department of Commerce, NIST Big Data Interoperability Framework: Reference Architecture Version 1, 2015.

J. Kein, R Buglak, D Blockow, T Wuttke, “A Reference Architecture for Big Data Systems in the National Security Domain,“ the 2nd International Workshop on Big Data Software Engineering, 2016.

Oracle, “Information Management and Big Data.” White Paper, 2014, http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/bigdataappliance/overview/bigdatarefarchitecture-2297765.pdf

D. Mysore, S. Khupat, and S. Jain, “Big data architecture and patterns.” IBM, White Paper, 2013.

Microsoft, “Microsoft Big Data Solution Brief.”, http://download.microsoft.com/download/F/A/1/FA126D6D-841B-4565-BB26-D2ADD4A28F24/Microsoft_Big_Data_Solution_Brief.pdf

P. Pääkkönen, D. Pakkala, “Reference architecture and classification of technologies, products and services for big data systems,“ Big Data Research, 2015 – Elsevier.

C. Coggins, K. Pail, R. VonBostel, “Federal Segment Architecture Methodology Version 1.0.” , December 2008.

Published
2018-03-31
Section
Technical Papers (Information and Communication Technology)