Narrative Scenarios for a Humanistic Approach to Technology Critique - A Case Study
Abstract
Are narrative scenarios effective artifacts to trigger an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary discourse that results in actionable design criteria for the future co-existence of humans and intelligent machines? To answer this question, a multilinear narrative illustrating the impact of emerging technologies on the future of vocational education was developed, and a small field study was conducted to evaluate its effects. The findings support the hypothesis that narratives can trigger a reflection about new and disruptive technologies and can thereby help to propagate a humanistic view of our ever more technology-driven world.
References
C. Schmitt, “Warum die Bildung Angst vor der Digitalisierung hat,” Coaching, innovatives Lernen, Weiterbildung, Jan. 04, 2016. http://www.bildungsdesign.ch/2016/01/04/warum-diebildung-angst-vor-der-digitalisierung-hat/ (accessed Nov. 16, 2019).
J. Schweri, I. Trede, and I. Dauner, “Digitalisierung und Berufsbildung. Herausforderung und Wege in die Zukunft.,” Eidg. Hochschulinstitut für Berufsbildung EHB, 2018.
Staatssekretariat für Bildung, Forschung und Innovation, “Leitbild und Stossrichtungen,” Berufsbildung 2030, 2018. https://berufsbildung2030.ch/de/leitbild-und-stossrichtungen (accessed Nov. 09, 2019).
H. Poser, Homo Creator: [Technology as Philosophical Challenge]Technik als philosophische Herausforderung. Springer, 2016.
A. E. Taylor, “Body and technology: Reframing the humanistic critique,” Janus Head, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 12–1, 2011.
E. Rose, “The Errors of Thamus: An Analysis of Technology Critique,” Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 147–156, Jun. 2003, doi: 10.1177/0270467603023003001.
D. Peters, R. A. Calvo, and R. M. Ryan, “Designing for Motivation, Engagement and Wellbeing in Digital Experience,” Front Psychol, vol. 9, May 2018, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00797.
Y. Lee, J. Lee, and Y. Hwang, “Relating motivation to information and communication technology acceptance: Self-determination theory perspective,” Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 51, pp. 418–428, Oct. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.021.
R. M. Ryan and E. L. Deci, “Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being,” Am Psychol, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 68–78, Jan. 2000, doi: 10.1037//0003-066x.55.1.68.
J. Reeve, “A Self-determination Theory Perspective on Student Engagement,” in Handbook of Research on Student Engagement, S. L. Christenson, A. L. Reschly, and C. Wylie, Eds. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012, pp. 149–172. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-2018-7_7.
E. Brucker-Kley and T. Keller, “Exploring the Potential of Immersive Narrative Scenarios to Identify Design Criteria for our Digital Future(s),” in 2019 8th International Congress on dvanced Applied Informatics (IIAI-AAI), Toyama, Japan, Jul. 2019, pp. 499–504. doi: 10.1109/IIAI-AAI.2019.00108.
E. Brucker-Kley and T. Keller, Digital Futures : Szenarien am Rande der Technologischen Singularität. ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften, 2020. doi: 10.21256/zhaw-19471.
E. Brucker-Kley and T. Keller, “Beyond Digitalization: ‘My Boss Is Artificial,’” in Knowledge, People, and Digital Transformation: Approaches for a Sustainable Future, F. Matos, V. Vairinhos, I. Salavisa, L. Edvinsson, and M. Massaro, Eds. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020, pp. 37–54. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-40390-4_4.
“Twine / An open-source tool for telling interactive, nonlinear stories.” https://twinery.org/ (accessed Sep. 04, 2019).
J. Oberle, “Zukunftsszenarien für die berufliche Grundbildung / The Future of Vocational Education,” Digital Futures, Sep. 23, 2020. https://digitalfutures.ch/zukunftsszenarien-fuerdie-berufliche-grundbildung/ (accessed Nov. 08, 2020).
B. D. Johnson, “Science Fiction Prototyping: Designing the Future with Science Fiction,” Synthesis Lectures on Computer Science, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–190, Apr. 2011, doi: 10.2200/S00336ED1V01Y201102CSL003.
E. Atherton and B. D. Johnson, “Science Fiction Prototyping at Work,” Computer, vol. 49, no. 8, pp. 109–111, Aug. 2016, doi: 10.1109/MC.2016.229.
M. Burnam-Fink, “Creating narrative scenarios: Science fiction prototyping at Emerge,” Futures, vol. 70, pp. 48–55, Jun. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.futures.2014.12.005.
A. Merrie, P. Keys, M. Metian, and H. Österblom, “Radical ocean futures-scenario development using science fiction prototyping,” Futures, vol. 95, pp. 22–32, Jan. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.futures.2017.09.005.
J. Pirker, C. Gütl, P. Weghofer, and V. Feichtner, “Interactive Science Fiction Prototyping in Virtual Worlds: Fundamentals and Applications,” International Journal of Recent Contributions from Engineering, Science & IT (iJES), vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 46–52, Aug. 2014.
M. O. Riedl and V. Bulitko, “Interactive Narrative: An Intelligent Systems Approach,” AI Magazine, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 67–67, 2013, doi: 10.1609/aimag.v34i1.2449.
J. H. Murray, Hamlet on the Holodeck. New York: Free Press, 1997.
W. M. Wang and C. F. Cheung, “A computational narrative simulation system for constructing multi-linear narratives in knowledge management,” Journal of knowledge management practice, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 1–18, 2013.
R. Crawford and Y. Chen, “From hypertext to hyperdimension Neptunia: The future of VR visual novels: The potentials of new technologies for branching-path narrative games,” in 2017 23rd International Conference on Virtual System Multimedia (VSMM), Oct. 2017, pp. 1–7. doi: 10.1109/VSMM.2017.8346298.
Salzburg Research, “PESTLE-Technik | Methodenpool,” Sep. 18, 2019. https://methodenpool.salzburgresearch.at/methode/pestle-technik/ (accessed Sep. 18, 2019).
B. Alexander et al., Educause Horizon report: 2019 Higher Education edition. 2019.
S. Seufert, “Berufsbildung 2030: Flexibilisierung der Berufsbildung im Kontext fortschreitender Digitalisierung,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.sbfi.admin.ch/dam/sbfi/de/dokumente/2018/06/2030-flexibilisierung.pdf.download.pdf/Bericht_SR_BB2030_Flexibilisierung.pdf
A. Grech and A. F. Camilleri, Blockchain in Education. Luxembourg: pedocs, 2017. Accessed: Oct. 21, 2020. [Online]. Available: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs150132
T. Keller, E. Brucker-Kley, and C. Wyder, “Virtual reality and its impact on learning success,” 2020, pp. 78–86. Accessed: Oct. 21, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://digitalcollection.zhaw.ch/handle/11475/19981
T. Keller, P. Glauser, N. Ebert, and E. Brucker-Kley, Virtual Reality at Secondary School -- First Results. International Association for the Development of the Information Society, 2018. Accessed: Oct. 21, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED600587
“Artificial Intelligence In Education: Promises and Implications for Teaching and Learning - Open Research Online.” http://oro.open.ac.uk/60255/ (accessed Oct. 21, 2020).
S. Daley and J. Pennington, “Alexa the Teacher’s Pet? A Review of Research on Virtual Assistants in Education,” Jun. 2020, pp. 138–146. Accessed: Oct. 21, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/217296/
M. Coccoli, P. Maresca, and L. Stanganelli, “Cognitive computing in education,” Journal of e-Learning and Knowledge Society, vol. 12, no. 2, May 2016, Accessed: Oct. 21, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.learntechlib.org/p/173468/
T. Ritchey, “Futures Studies using Morphological Analysis,” Swedish Morphological Society, 2009.
H. Kosow and R. Gassner, Methoden der Zukunfts-und Szenarioanalyse Überblick, Bewertung und Auswahlkriterien. 2008.
K. Steinmüller, “Methoden der Zukunftsforschung – Langfristorientierung als Ausgangspunkt für das Technologie-Roadmapping,” in Technologie-Roadmapping, M. G. Möhrle and R. Isenmann, Eds. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017, pp. 29–46. doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-52709-2_3.
N. Döring and J. Bortz, Forschungsmethoden und Evaluation in den Sozial- und Humanwissenschaften, 5. vollständig überarbeitete, Aktualisierte und erweiterte Auflage. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer, 2016.
American Psychological Association, “Fatigue Effect – APA Dictionary of Psychology,” May 10, 2020. https://dictionary.apa.org/fatigue-effect (accessed May 10, 2020).
L. Winner, “Do Artifacts Have Politics?,” Daedalus, vol. 109, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 1980.
P. Weinbrenner, “Zur Theorie und Praxis von Zukunftswerkstätten,” 2002.
