Examining the Key Components of Faculty Development to Advance Japanese Higher Education: A Qualitative Study
Abstract
Establishing an effective management system for teaching and learning is an urgent challenge for quality assurance and enhancement in Japanese higher education. Faculty development (FD) plays a key role in improving the human resources directly responsible for educational quality. This paper discusses how FD should evolve to advance Japanese higher education. Specifically, it presents the results of a qualitative study examining future directions of FD in Japan. A content analysis of the opinions of people in charge of FD was conducted to reveal the essential components for advancing higher education, including various critical themes on how FD should be, along with improvement-related themes, not only faculty teaching skills but also program- and institutional-level management. The results suggest that FD must be developed systematically within an institution in collaboration with other institutions, using technology such as e-learning systems. Lastly, measures should be taken to create sustainable and meaningful FD activities in Japanese higher education.
References
R. Yamada, Prospects of University Education in 2040: Based on 21st Century-Type Learning Outcomes, Toshindo, 2019. (in Japanese).
The Central Council for Education, “Grand Design for Higher Education toward 2040”, 2020; https://www.mext.go.jp/content/20200312-mxt_koutou01-100006282_1.pdf. (in Japanese; accessed Oct. 14th, 2021).
the University Subcommittee of the Central Council for Education of Japan, “Guidelines for the Management of Teaching and Learning,” 2020; https://www.mext.go.jp/con-tent/20200206-mxt_daigakuc03-000004749_002.pdf. (in Japanese; accessed Oct. 14th, 2021).
The Central Council for Education of Japan, “Future Vision of Higher Education of Japan,” 2005; https://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/chukyo/chukyo0/toushin/attach/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2013/05/27/1335580_001.pdf (in Japanese; accessed Oct. 14th, 2021).
A. Arimoto, Faculty Position and FD, Toshindo, 2005 (in Japanese).
H. Sato, “Significance and Approaches in this Project Study: Based on a Critical Examination of FD in Japan,” Journal of Japan Association for College and University Education, vol. 35, no. 1, 2013, pp. 52-56. (in Japanese).
H Sato, “Multi-Layer FD Framework and Five Tips for Practical Problem-Solving of FD,” Journal of Japan Association for College and University Education, vol. 37, no. 1, 2015, pp. 51-54. (in Japanese).
The Central Council for Education of Japan, “Towards the Establishment of Bachelor’s Degree Education,” https://www.mext.go.jp/component/b_menu/shingi/toushin/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2008/12/26/1217067_001.pdf (in Japanese; accessed Oct. 14th, 2021).
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, “Regarding the State of Reforms in Educational Contents at Universities in 2019,” 2021; https://www.mext.go.jp/content/20211104-mxt_daigakuc03-000018152_1.pdf (in Japanese; accessed Dec. 4th, 2021).
S. Yamazaki, T. Hayashi, and M. Fukano, “Establishing FD that Contributes to the Devel-opment of Comprehensive Academic Capabilities from US–Japan Comparative Studies,” University Administration Study, Vol 10, 2020, pp. 59-68. (in Japanese).
S. Ozeki, T. Hayashi, M. Fukano, S. Yamazaki, A.L. Beach, and M.D. Sorcinelli. “Exploring the Future Trends of Faculty Development in Japanese Higher Education,” Proc. 2021 10th International Congress on Advanced Applied Informatics (IIAI-AAI), 2021, pp. 291-294.
K. Higuchi, “KH Coder 3 Reference Manual,” 2016; http://khcoder.net/en/manual_en_v3.pdf. (Accessed Dec. 4th, 2021).
K. Krippendoff, Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology 4th Edition, SAGE Publications, 2018.
J.W. Creswell, Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches 4th Edition, SAGE Publications, 2014.
A.L. Beach, M. D. Sorcinelli, A. E. Austin, and J. K. Rivard, Faculty Development in the Age of Evidence: Current Practices, Future Imperatives, Stylus Publishing, 2016.
C. Haras, S.C. Taylor, M.D. Sorcinelli, and L. von Hoene, “Institutional Commitment to Teaching Excellence: Assessing the Impacts and Outcomes of Faculty Development,” Amer-ican Council on Education, 2017.
Y Oki, M. Takahira, T. Sugii, K, Nishikawa, “The Impact of Faculty Development (FD) Training as Shown through Student Course Evaluations: Relations among Chubu University Student Course Evaluations, FD Training Types, and the Timing of Effect Measurement,” Journal of Japan Association for College and University Education, vol. 40, no. 2, 2019, pp. 36-45. (in Japanese).
M.D. Sorcinelli, A.E. Austin, P.L. Eddy, and A.L. Beach, Creating the Future of Faculty Development: Learning from the Past, Understanding the Present, Anker Publishing, 2006.
W. Condon, E.R. Iverson, C. Manduca, C. Rutz, and G. Willett. Faculty Development and Student Learning: Assessing the Connections, Indiana University Press, 2016.
Y. Oki, “Status and Issues of Japanese FD,” Nagoya Higher Education Research, vol. 19, 2019, pp.17-32. (in Japanese)