The Implementation and Systematic Reconstruction of the I-E-O-L Model for Streamlining and Advancing Student Surveys

Abstract

This study proposes the I-E-O-L model, an extension of Astin’s Input-Environment-Output (I-E-O) model, as a comprehensive framework for managing student surveys. The I-E-O-L model introduces the "Life Career (L)" component to incorporate postgraduation data, enabling a holistic evaluation of student growth and long-term educational impacts. This model aligns with the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology’s (MEXT) Guidelines for Academic Management, emphasizing its relevance to higher education policy in Japan. Three case studies illustrate the utility of the model: 1) visualizing survey implementation promotes shared understanding and collaboration among stakeholders, 2) aligning survey frameworks with MEXT guidelines enhances institutional research (IR) activities, and 3) systematic reviews and “inventorying” of fragmented surveys reduce redundancy and improve survey reliability and validity. These practices collectively streamline survey operations, reduce respondent fatigue, and enable data-driven educational improvements. While the I-E-O-L model shows significant potential for application across diverse educational contexts, its adaptability extends beyond Japan, as supported by international research and practice. By leveraging this model, institutions can enhance survey efficiency, obtain deeper insights into student outcomes, and foster educational quality. These findings highlight the model’s effectiveness in improving survey-based decision-making in higher education.