HighNyammer: Metrics Feedback on BBS for Collaborative Improvement of Collective Cognitive Responsibilities
Abstract
This study aimed to examine whether real-time feedback can enhance “collective cognitive responsibility” as contribution from each learner’s collective cognitive responsibility is essential in collaborative knowledge creation. To this end, we hypothesized that higher values of betweenness centrality in subjects’ relationships reflect an improvement in collective cognitive responsibility, and developed a bulletin board system (BBS) for feeding back values of betweenness centrality in real time to know one’s position within the community using network-analysis methodology. The research target was a student-staff community working for “Classroom-M” that used the BBS developed by us, called “HighNyammer,” for information-sharing among students and staff members. HighNyammer revealed the real-time value of betweenness centrality for each participant based on the relationships between the authors of posted articles. We conducted questionnaire surveys and retrospective interviews with fourstudent-staff members to evaluate the function of HighNyammer. The subjects demonstrated the potential effectiveness of this function, especially for novice workers. Furthermore, they recognized the meaning of betweenness centrality value in relation to their own work as student-staff members. They also recognized that the meaning of betweenness centrality value depended on each student-staff member’s degree of expertise in Classroom-M.
References
M. Scardamalia, “Collective cognitive responsibility for the advancement of knowledge,” in Liberal education in a knowledge society, B. Smith Ed. Chicago, IL: Open Court, pp.67–98, 2002.
J. Zhang, M. Scardamalia, R. Reeve, and R. Messina, “Designs for Collective Cognitive Responsibility in Knowledge Building Communities,” Journal of the Learning Sciences, vol.18, no.1, pp.7–44, April 2009.
A.-L. Barab´asi, “Network theory: The emergence of the creative enterprise”, Science, vol. 308, pp.639–641, April 2005.
S. Strogatz, “Exploring complex network,” Nature, vol. 410, pp.268–276, March 2001.
J. Oshima, R. Oshima, and Y. Matsuzawa, “Knowledge Building Discourse Explorer: A social network analysis application for knowledge building discourse”, Educational Technology Research and Development, vol.60, pp.903-921, October 2012.
I. Claros, R. Cobos, and C. Collazos, “An Approach Based on Social Network Analysis Applied to a Collaborative Learning Experience,” IEEE Transanctions on Learning Technologies, vol.9, no.2, pp.190-195, April 2016.
M. Leanne, Y. Matsuzawa, and M. Scardamalia, “Rotating Leadership and Collective Responsibility in a Grade 4 Knowledge Building Classroom,” International Journal of Organizational Design and Engineering, vol.4, pp. 54-84, November 2016.
P. Griffin, B. McGaw, and E. Care. (Eds.), “Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills,” Netherlands: Springer, 2012.
OECD, “PISA 2015 collaborative problem solving framework,” OECD Publishing, 2013.
D. L. Schwartz, and T. Martin, “Inventing to prepare for learning the hidden efficiency of original student production in statistics instruction,” Cognition & Instruction, vol.22, pp.129-184, 2004.
N. Miyake, “Conceptual change through collaboration,” In Vosniadou, S. (Ed.) International Handbook of Research on Conceptual Change, New York: Routledge, pp.453-478, 2008.
G. Hatano, “Toward a theory of adaptive expertise,” The annual report of educational psychology in Japan, vol.40, pp.45-47, 2001. (in Japanese)
G. Hatano, and K. Inagaki, “Two courses of expertise,” In H. Stevenson, H. Azuma, and K. Hakuta (Eds.) Child Development and Education in Japan, New York: W. H. Freeman, pp.263-272, 1986.
J. D. Bransford, A. L. Brown, and R. R. Cocking, “How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School,” Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 2000.
M. Scardamalia, and C. Bereiter, “Computer-supported knowledge building communities,” Journal of the learning sciences, vol.3, pp.265-283, 1994.
L. Darling-Hammond, and J. Baratz-Snowden, “A good teacher in every classroom,” San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons, 2005.
I. Nonaka, and H. Takeuchi, “The knowledge-creating company: how Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation,” New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
C. Bereiter, and M. Scardamalia, “Surpassing ourselves,” Chicago, IL: Open Court, 1993.
M. Scardamalia, and C. Bereiter, “Knowledge Building and Knowledge Creation,” in The Cambridge Handbook of The Learning Sciecnes 2nd Edition, K. Sawyer Ed. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp.397–417, 2014.
A. Csanadi, B. Eagan, I. Kollar, D. W. Shaffer, and F. Fischer, “When coding-and-counting is not enough: using epistemic network analysis (ENA) to analyze verbal data in CSCL research,” International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, vol.13, pp.419-438, 2018.
D. W. Shaffer, “Epistemic network analysis: understanding learning,” In F. Fischer, C. E. Hmelo-Silver, S. R. Goldman, & P. Reimann (Eds.), International handbook of the learning sciences, New York, NY: Routledge, pp.520-531, 2018.
J. van Aalst, “Assessment in collaborative learning,” In C. E. Hmelo-Silver, C. A. Chinn, C K. K. Chan & A. O'Donnell (Eds.), The international handbook of collaborative learning, New York, NY: Routledge, pp.280-296, 2013.
S. Järvelä, and A. F. Hadwin, “New Frontiers: Regulating Learning in CSCL,” Educational Psychologist, vol.48, no.1, pp.25-39, January 2013.
F. Vogel, and A. Weinberger, “Quantifying qualities of collaborative learning processes,” In F. Fischer, C. E. Hmelo-Silver, S. R. Goldman, & P. Reimann (Eds.), International handbook of the learning sciences, New York, NY: Routledge, pp.500-510, 2018.
H. Kondo, and H. Narahara, “Design and Implementation of a Dynamic Reconfigurable Classroom for Cooperative Learning,” in Conference Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Networking and Collaborative Systems, pp. 328–329, December 2011.
J. Oshima, Y. Niihara, K. Ota, and R. Oshima, “Collaborative Learning Processes and Individual Contribution: Discourse Analysis Based on the Network Structure of Utterances,” Japan Journal of Educational Technology, pp.333-342, January 2010. (in Japanese)
Neo4J. https://neo4j.com/ (visited: 2020/01/10)
H. Kondo, S. Tohyama, A. Ohsaki, and M. Yamada, “HighNyammer BBS Scaffolds the Development of Each Learner’s Collective Cognitive Responsibility,” Proceedings of 2019 9th International Congress on Advanced Applied Informatics (IIAI-AAI), pp.184-189, July 2019.