Proposal and Progress of a Road-map to Bridge Theoretical and Practical Approaches for Elevator Operation Problems
Abstract
In this paper, the authors propose a road-map to bridge theoretical and practical approaches in the discipline of the elevator operation problem. The theoretical approach aims to solve static elevator operation problems, here static denotes all information on users of the elevator system is known before scheduling. The practical approach aims to construct rule-bases for realistic situations, where the user’s behavior is not known in detail, but known to obey a certain traffic pattern. The authors expect efforts for bridging those approaches to yield a supervised learning of rule-bases by using optimal solutions as teaching data.
The proposed road-map is comprised of 5 stages: (1) to obtain an optimal solution for a problem instance of a static elevator operation problem, (2) to construct an identical optimal rule-base from the optimal solution, (3) to construct a similar optimal rule-base which is based on some characteristic functions and effective only for that problem instance, (4) to construct a rule-base which is effective for a set of problem instances, and finally (5) to construct a rule-base which is effective for various problem instances. Computational result display current progress in earlier stages of the road-map.
References
G. R. Strakosch, ed., The Vertical Transportation Handbook. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 3 ed., 1998.
T. Inamoto, H. Tamaki, H. Murao, and S. Kitamura, “An application of branchand-bound method to deterministic optimization model of elevator operation problems,” in Proc. SICE Annual Conference 2002, 2002, pp. 1345–1350; doi: 10.1109/SICE.2002.1195304.
G. Barney, Elevator Traffic Handbook — Theory and Practice. Spon Press, 2003.
T. Inamoto, C. Ohta, and H. Tamaki, “Gradually resolving procedures by a tripbased integer programming to optimize elevator operations,” in Proc. The 6th International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems & The 13th International Symposium on Advanced Intelligent Systems (SCIS-ISIS2012), 2012, pp. 626–632; doi:10.1109/SCIS-ISIS.2012.6505108.
T. Miyamoto and S. Yamaguchi, “MceSim: A multi-car elevator simulator,” IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals and Electronics, vol. E91-A, no. 11, 2008, pp. 3207–3214; doi:10.1093/ietfec/e91-a.11.3207.
G. Reuter, “TWIN lift system part two: Technical description,”Elevator World, vol. 52, no. 4, 2004, pp. 58–64.
A. V. Chian and T. Miyamoto, “Performance evaluation of an option-based learning algorithm in multi-car elevator systems,” IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals and Electronics, vol. E95-A, no. 4, 2012, pp. 835–839; doi: 10.1587/transfun.E95.A.835.
T. Inamoto, C. Ohta, H. Tamaki, and H. Murao, “An approach employing polysemous rules to complement legacy rules for the elevator operation,” Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design, Systems, and Manufacturing, vol. 4, 2010, pp. 651–663; doi:10.1299/jamdsm.4.651.
R. S. Sutton and A. G. Barto, Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1998.
T. Inamoto, “Recent research trends for elevator operations — from an optimization viewpoint,” Systems, Control and Information, vol. 53, no. 3, 2012, pp. 120–127 (written in Japanese).
S. Tanaka, Y. Uraguchi, and M. Araki, “Dynamic optimization of the operation of single-car elevator systems with destination hall call registration: Part I. formulation and simulations,”European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 167, 2005, pp. 550–573; doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2004.04.038.
Z. Shen and Q. Zhao, “A branch and bound method to the continuous time model elevator system with full information,” in Proc. SICE Annual Conference 2007, 2007, pp. 327–330; doi:10.9746/jcmsi.1.467.
J. Sun, Q.-C. Zhao, and P. B. Luh, “Optimization of group elevator scheduling with advance information,” IEEE Trans. Autom. Sci. Eng., vol. 7, no. 2, 2010, pp. 352–363; doi:10.1109/TASE.2009.2024242.
D. L. Pepyne and C. G. Cassandras, “Optimal dispatching control for elevator systems during uppeak traffic,” IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol., vol. 5, 1997, pp. 629–643; doi:10.1109/87.641406.
T. Inamoto, H. Tamaki, and H. Murao, “Model-approximated dynamic programming based on decomposable state transition probabilities,” in Proc. SICE Annual Conference 2007, 2007, pp. 17–20; doi:10.1109/SICE.2007.4421439.
T. Inamoto, Y. Higami, and S. Kobayashi, “A call-based integer programming model for static elevator operation problems,” in Proc. The 7th International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems & The 15th International Symposium on Advanced Intelligent Systems (SCIS-ISIS-2014), 2014, pp. 365–369; doi:10.1109/SCIS-ISIS.2014.7044775.
J. Koehler and D. Ottiger, “An AI-based approach to destination control in elevators,” AI Magazine, vol. 23, no. 3, 2002, pp. 59–78.
M.-L. Siikonen, “Elevator group control with artificial intelligence,” tech. rep., Helsinki University of Technology, 1997.
C. B. Kim, K. A. Seong, H. Lee-Kwang, J. O. Kim, and Y. B. Lim, “Fuzzy approach to elevator group control system,” IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern., Syst., vol. 25, no. 6, 1995, pp. 985–990; doi:10.1109/21.384263.
T. Beielstein, C.-P. Ewald, and S. Markon, “Optimal elevator group control by evolution strategies,” in Proc. the 2003 international conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, vol. 2, 2003, pp. 1963–1974; doi: 10.1007/3-540-45110-2_95.
J. Sorsa, M.-L. Siikonen, and H. Ehtamo, “Optimal control of double-deck elevator group using genetic algorithm,” International Transactions in Operational Research, vol. 10, 2003, pp. 103–114; doi:10.1111/1475-3995.00397.
G. Berbeglia, J.-F. Cordeau, I. Gribkovskaia, and G. Laporte, “Static pickup and delivery problems: a classification scheme and survey,” Top, vol. 15, no. 1, 2007, pp. 1–31; doi:10.1007/s11750-007-0009-0.
P. Toth and D. Vigo, eds., Vehicle Routing: Problems, Methods, and Applications, Second Edition. Philadelphia, PA, USA: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2001.
T. Inamoto, Y. Higami, and S. Kobayashi, “Giving formal roles to elevators for breaking symmetry in static elevator operation problems,” in Proc.IEEE 4th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE-2015), 2015, pp. 27–30; doi:10.1109/GCCE.2015.7398534.
A. Fern´andez, S. Garc´ıa, J. Luengo, E. Bernad´o-Mansilla, and F. Herrera, “Genetics-based machine learning for rule induction: State of the art, taxonomy, and comparative study,” IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput., vol. 14, no. 6, 2010, pp. 913–941; doi:doi:10.1109/TEVC.2009.2039140.
IBM, IBM ILOG CPLEX Optimizer.