Spatial Surface Reconstruction for Complex Environment Using Color-Depth Sensors
Abstract
In this paper, the structure-entropy-based features are used to describe the energy of the complex environment and then the entropy energy is further used to extract the region of the spatial structural change. Moreover, by finding the maximum entropy energy of the overlapping area, the relative pose between two consecutive frames can be estimated. In the final step, the iterative closest point (ICP) is utilized to determine the rigid transformation matrix for the remaining region. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed method generates more accurate result than that by using the traditional ICP algorithm.
References
Jungong Han, Ling Shao, Dong Xu, and Jamie Shotton, “Enhanced Computer Vision with Microsoft Kinect Sensor: A Review,” IEEE Trans. on Cybernetics, 43(5), Oct. 2013.
Tim Bailey and Hugh Durrant-Whyte, “Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM): Part II State of the Art,” IEEE Robot. & Autom. Mag., 13(3): 108-117, Sep. 2006.
P. Henry, M. Krainin, E. Herbst, X. Ren, and D. Fox, “RGB-D mapping - Using Kinect-style depth cameras for dense 3D modeling of indoor environments,” The International Journal of Robotics Research, 31(5): 647-663, Feb. 2012.
J. Biswas and M. Veloso, “Depth camera based indoor mobile robot localization and navigation,” in Proc. of 2012 IEEE Int’l Conf. on Robot. & Autom., May 14-18, 2012.
Serdar Gedik and A. Aydın Alatan, “3-D Rigid Body Tracking Using Vision and Depth Sensors,” IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, 43(5), Oct, 2013.
João Emílio Almeida, Rosaldo J. F. Rossetti, and António Leça Coelho, “Mapping 3D Character Location for Tracking Players’ Behaviour,” in Proc.of 2013 8th Iberian Conf. on Information Systems and Technologies, June 19-22, 2013.
A. Davison, I. Reid, N. D. Molton, and O. Stasse, “MonoSLAM: Real-time single camera SLAM,” IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 29(6), Jun. 2007.
David Nister, Oleg Naroditsky and James Bergen, “Visual Odometry,” in Proc. of IEEE Conf.on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Jun. 27-Jul. 2, 2004.
P. Henry, M. Krainin, E. Herbst, X. Ren, and D. Fox, “RGB-D mapping: Using depth cameras for dense 3-D modeling of indoor environments,” in Proc. of the 12th Int’l Symp. on Experimental Robotics, Dec. 18-21, 2010.
E. Rosten, R. Porter, and T. Drummond, “Faster and Better: A machine learning approach to corner detection,” IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 32(1):105-119, Jan. 2010.
N. Engelhard, F. Endres, J. Hess, J. Sturm, and W. Burgard, “Realtime 3-D visual SLAM with A hand-held camera,” in Proc. of RGB-D Workshop on 3D Perception in Robotics at the European Robotics Forum, 2011.
K. Pathak, A. Birk, N. Vaškevičius, and J. Poppinga, “Fast Registration Based on Noisy Planes With Unknown Correspondences for 3-D Mapping,” IEEE Trans. on Robotics, 26(3): 424-441, Jun. 2010.
R. Newcombe, A. Davison, S. Izadi, P. Kohli, O. Hilliges, J. Shotton, D. Molyneaux, S. Hodges, D. Kim, and A. Fitzgibbon, “KinectFusion: Real-time dense surface mapping and tracking,” in Proc. of 10th IEEE Int’l Symp. on Mixed and AR, Oct. 26-29, 2011.
S. Izadi, D. et al., “KinectFusion: Real-time 3D reconstruction and interaction using a moving depth camera,” in Proc. of 24th annual ACM Symp. on User Interface Software and Technology, pp. 559–568, Oct. 2011.
Romeil Sandhu, Samuel Dambreville, and Allen Tannenbaum, “Point Set Registration via Particle Filtering and Stochastic Dynamics,” IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 32(8), Aug. 2010.
Michael Kazhdan and Hugues Hoppe, “Screened Poisson Surface Reconstruction,” ACM Transactions on Graphics, 32(3), Jun. 2013.
D. Lowe, “Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints,” International Journal of Computer Vision, 2(60): 91-110, 2004.
H. Bay, A. Ess, T. Tuytelaars, and L. V. Gool, “Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF),” Computer Vision and Image Understanding (CVIU), 110(3): 346-359, Jun. 2008.
M. Calonder, V. Lepetit, C. Strecha, and P. Fua, “BRIEF: Binary Robust Independent Elementary Features,” in Proc. of 11th ECCV, Sep. 5-11, 2010.
E. Rublee, V. Rabaud, K. Konolige, and G. Bradski, “ORB: An efficient alternative to SIFT or SURF,” in Proc. of IEEE Int’l Conf. on Computer Vision, Nov. 6-13, 2011.
S. Leutenegger, M. Chli, and R. Y. Siegwart, “BRISK: Binary Robust Invariant Scalable Keypoints,” in Proc. of IEEE Int’l Conf. on Computer Vision, Nov. 6-13, 2011.
Alahi, R. Ortiz, and P. Vandergheynst, “FREAK: Fast Retina Keypoint,” in Proc. of IEEE Int’l Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, June 16-21, 2012.
Jens Berkmann and Terry Caelli. “Computation of Surface Geometry and Segmentation Using Covariance Techniques.” IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 16(11):1114-1116, Nov. 1994.
A.E. Johnson and M. Hebert, “Using Spin Images for Efficient Object Recognition in Cluttered 3D Scenes,” IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 21(5): 433-449, May 1999.
Frome, D. Huber, R. Kolluri, T. Bulow, and J. Malik, “Recognizing Objects in Range Data Using Regional Point Descriptors,” in Proc. of 8th ECCV, May 11-14, 2004.
F. Tombari, S. Salti, and L. Di Stefano. “Unique Signatures of Histograms for Local Surface Description.” in Proc. of 11th ECCV, Sep. 5-11, 2010.
R. B. Rusu, N. Blodow, and M. Beetz, “Fast Point Feature Histograms (FPFH) for 3D Registration,” in Proc. of IEEE Int’l Conf. on Robot. & Autom., May 12-17, 2009.
Hyoseok Hwang, Seungyong Hyung, Sukjune Yoon, and Kyungshik Roh, “Robust Descriptors for 3D Point Clouds using Geometric and Photometric Local Feature,” in Proc. of the IEEE/RSJ Int’l Conf. on Intelligent Robot. & Syst., Oct. 7-12, 2012.
David Nister, Oleg Naroditsky, and James Bergen, “Visual Odometry,” in Proc. of 2004 IEEE Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Jun. 27-Jul. 2, 2004.
Gionis, P. Indyk, and R. Motwani, “Similarity Search in High Dimensions via Hashing,” in Proc. of 25th Int’l Conf. on Very Large Data Bases, Sep. 7-10, 1999.
G. H. Golub, and C. Reinsch, “Singular Value Decomposition and Least Squares Solutions,” Numerische Mathematik, 14(5): 403-420, 1970.
P. J. Besl and N. D. Mckay, “A Method for Registration of 3-D Shaped,” IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 14(2): 239-256, Feb. 1992.
Y. Chen and G. Medioni, “Object Modeling by Registration of Multiple Range Images,” Image and Vision Computing, 10(3): 145–155, 1992.
M. Magnusson, A. Lilienthal, and T. Duckett, “Scan registration for autonomous mining vehicles using 3D-NDT,” Journal of Field Robotics, 24(10): 803–827, 2007.
The CloudViewer. In PCL website. Retrieved June 6, 2014 from http://pointclouds.org/documentation/tutorials/cloud_viewer.php#cloud-viewer
F. Pomerleau, M. Liu, F. Colas, and R. Siegwart, “Challenging Data Sets for Point Cloud Registration Algorithms,” Int’l J. of Robotic Research, 31(14): 1705-1711, Dec. 2012.
ASL Dataset: Apartment, website. Retrieve June 18, 2014, from https://github.com/ethz-asl/libpointmatcher/blob/master/doc/ICPIntro.md