How to Enroll Industrial Collaborators in the Nascent Ac-ademic Entrepreneurship Under Uncertainty: A Concept Model
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52731/lir.v004.233Abstract
Enrolling industrial collaborators is an ideal method for academia seeking commercialization of their research findings. We define and delineate novelty types of uncertain for academic entre-preneurs in the cooperative entrepreneurship contexts: the struggles to establish social ties with potential collaborators and hardness to strengthen the cooperative relationship. In developing our theory, we employ a two-stage model to uncover how academic entrepreneurs intentionally target desired pre-commitment towards industrial collaborators and then how they achieve sustained commitment to ultimately set up a company. Herein, we add important insights to complete the model. On one hand, individual proximity provides an important path for network construction and is regulated by reputation in the former stage. On the other hand, sufficient information feed-back and knowledge sharing are required to engage both of them in the entrepreneurial journey in the latter one. Overall, we put forward the conceptual the model to illustrate this process.
References
Abootorabi, H., Shankar, R. K., Rasmussen, E. and Wiklund, J. ,“Do hybrid goals pay off? Social and economic goals in academic spin-offs,” Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 61, Issue 1, 2023, pp. 110-140. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12967
Alvarez, S. A. & Barney, J. B. “Discovery and creation: Alternative theories of entrepreneur-ial action,” Strategic entrepreneurship journal, Vol.1, Issue 1-2, 2007. pp. 11-26. https:// doi.org/ 10.1002/sej.4
Bensaou, B. M. & Galunic, C. & Jonczyk-Sédès, C. “Players and purists: Networking strate-gies and agency of service professionals,” Organization Science, Vol. 25, Issue 1, 2013, pp.29-56. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2013.0826
Boschma, R. “Proximity and innovation: a critical assessment,” Regional studies, Vol.39, Issue 1, 2005, pp61-74. https://doi.org/10.1080/0034340052000320887
Broström, A. “Working with distant researchers—Distance and content in university–industry interaction,” Research Policy, Vol. 39, Issue 10, 2010, pp.1311-1320. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.respol.2010.09.002
Burns, B. L., Barney, J. B., Angus, R. W., & Herrick, H. N. “Enrolling stakeholders under conditions of risk and uncertainty,” Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, Vol.10, Issue 1, 2016, 97-106. https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.1209
Colombelli, A. & Quatraro, F. “New firm formation and regional knowledge production modes: Italian evidence,” Research Policy, Vol.47, Issue 1, 2018, pp. 139-157. https://doi.org/ 0.1016/j.respol.2017.10.006
Combs J., Ketchen Jr D., Terjesen S., Bergh D. ,“After the startup: A collection to spur re-search about entrepreneurial growth,” Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, Vol.17, Issue3, 2023, pp.693-709, https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.1476
Engel, Y. & Kaandorp, M. & Elfring, T. “Toward a dynamic process model of entrepreneurial networking under uncertainty,” Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.32, Issue 1, 2017, pp.35-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2016.10.001
Erikson, T. “Entrepreneurial capital: the emerging venture's most important asset and com-petitive advantage,” Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.17, Issue 3, 2002, pp. 275-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(00)00062-8
Fayolle, A. & Redford, D. T. “Handbook on the entrepreneurial university,” Edward Elgar Publishing, 2014
Festel, G. W. & De Cleyn, S. H. “Founding angels as an emerging subtype of the angel investment model in high-tech businesses,” Venture capital, Vol.15, Issue 3, 2013, pp.261-282. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691066.2013.807059
Freeman, R. E. “Strategic management: A stakeholder approach,” Cambridge university press. 2010
George, G., Dahlander, L., Graffin, S. D., & Sim, S. “Reputation and status: Expanding the role of social evaluations in management research,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol.59, Issue 1, 2016, pp.1 -13. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2016.4001
Hallen, B. L. & Eisenhardt, K. M. “Catalyzing strategies and efficient tie formation: How entrepreneurial firms obtain investment ties,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 55, Issue 1, 2012, pp.35-70. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2009.0620
Hayter, C. S. “Constraining entrepreneurial development: A knowledge-based view of social networks among academic entrepreneurs,” Research Policy, Vol.45, Issue2, 2016a, pp.475-490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2015.11.003
Hayter, C. S. “A trajectory of early-stage spinoff success: the role of knowledge intermedi-aries within an entrepreneurial university ecosystem,” Small Business Economics, Vol.47, Issue 3: 2016b, pp.633-656. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-016-9756-3
Keating, A. & Geiger, S. & McLoughlin, D. “Riding the practice waves: Social re sourcing practices during new venture development,” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol.38, Issue 5, 2014, pp. 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12038
Livingston, J. A. “How valuable is a good reputation? A sample selection model of internet auctions,” Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 87, Issue 3, 2005,pp.453-465. https:// doi.org/10.1162/0034653054638391
Lundqvist, M. A. “The importance of surrogate entrepreneurship for incubated Swedish technology ventures,” Technovation, Vol. 34, Issue 2, 2014, pp. 93-100. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.technovation.2013.08.005
le Duc, N., Lindeque, J. “Proximity and multinational enterprise co-location in clusters: a multiple case study of Dutch science parks,” Industry and Innovation, Vol.25 Issue 3, 2018, pp.282–307. https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2017.1355230
Townsend D. M., Hunt R.A., McMullen J.S., Sarasvathy S.D. “Uncertainty, Knowledge Problems, and Entrepreneurial Action,” Academy of Management Annals, Vol.12 Issue 2, 2018, pp. 659-687. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2016.0109
Meyer, B. & Scholl, W. “Complex problem solving after unstructured discussion: Effects of information distribution and experience,” Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, Vol.12 Issue 4, 2009, pp. 495-515. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430209105045
Nebus, J. “Building collegial information networks: A theory of advice network generation,” Academy of Management Review, Vol.31,Issue 3,2006, pp. 615-637. https://doi.org/ 10.5465/AMR.2006.21318921
O'Brien, J., & Sasson, A. “A contingency theory of entrepreneurial debt governance,” Jour-nal of Business Research, Vol.81, Dec., 2017, pp.118–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jbusres. 2017.08.011
O Shea, R. P. & Chugh, H. & Allen, T. J. “Determinants and consequences of university spinoff activity: a conceptual framework,” The Journal of Technology Transfer, Vol.33, Issue 6, 2008, pp. 653-666. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-007-9060-0
Packard, M. D. & Clark, B. B. & Klein, P. G. “Uncertainty types and transitions in the entrepreneurial process,” Organization Science, Vol. 28, Issue 5, 2017, pp. 840-856. https:// doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2017.1143
Powell, E. E. & Baker, T. “In the beginning: Identity processes and organizing in multi-founder nascent ventures,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol.60, Issue 6, 2017 pp2381-2414. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2015.0175
Sarasvathy, S. D. “Causation and effectuation: Toward a theoretical shift from economic inevitability to entrepreneurial contingency,” Academy of management Review, Vol. 26, Is-sue 2, 2001, pp.243-263. https://doi.org/10.2307/259121
Secundo, G. & Elia, G. “A performance measurement system for academic entrepreneur-ship: a case study,” Measuring Business Excellence, Vol.18, Issue 3,2014, pp.23-37. https:// doi.org/10.1108/MBE-11-2013-0061
Shane, S. & Cable, D. “Network ties, reputation, and the financing of new ventures,”Man-agement science, Vol.48, Issue 3,2002, pp.364-381. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.48.3364. 7731
Shaw, A. T. & Gilly, J. “On the analytical dimension of proximity dynamics,” Regional stud-ies, Vol.34. Issue 2, 2000, pp.169-180. https://doi.org/ /10.1080/00343400050006087
Sullivan, A., Parsons, S., Green, F., Wiggins, R. D., & Ploubidis, G. “Elite universities, fields of study and top salaries: Which degree will make you rich?”British Educational Research Journal, Vol.44,Issue 4,2018, pp.663-680. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3453
Villani, E. & Rasmussen, E. & Grimaldi, R. “How intermediary organizations facilitate uni-versity–industry technology transfer: A proximity approach,” Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol.114, 2017, pp.86-102. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.techfore.2016.06.004
Visintin, F. & Pittino, D. “Founding team composition and early performance of university—Based spin-off companies,” Technovation, Vol.34, Issue 1, 2014, pp.31-43. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.technovation.2013.09.004
Weng, P. & Chen, W. “Doing good or choosing well? Corporate reputation, CEO reputation, and corporate financial performance,”The North American Journal of Economics and Fi-nance, Vol.39 pp.223-240. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.najef.2016.10.008
Wood, M. S. & McKinley, W. “The production of entrepreneurial opportunity: a construc-tivist perspective,” Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, Vol.4, Issue 1, 2010, pp.66-84. https:// doi.org/10.1002/sej.83
Würmseher, M. “To each his own: Matching different entrepreneurial models to the aca-demic scientist's individual needs,” Technovation, Vol.59, Jan. 2017, pp.1-17. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.technovation.2016.10.002